Aeroplane.



H. FARRBLL.

'AEROPLAMLv APPLICATION FILED JUNE16,1911V 21 Mw N.. uw kw a uw VMMN w m QN @QI N NW %N .1, m Mm \ww QW ww im w N m w w Nw Sw d m 3 w N .WN W a mw uw P @In h NM M NW QN W h Nmvw N w N QQ \\\\\\\\1\l QNQ w gw T MNNATWNMW.. wm. #15-1% NN wN R m S NM h5 /z a MZ, y 1 1, u 2 O d mc; L ,W

H. FARRELL.

AEROPLANE.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 16, 1911.

1,021,855@ l l Patented Apr.2, 1912.

43 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Witnesses Inventor Atto r n eys H. FARRELL.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION PILBDJUNE 16,1911.

Patented Apr2,1912. Y

' ssHBETs-sEBTs invento? r n' Arfmnevs UNirED sTAWENT OFFICE HOWARD ranantnor Lnsrnasnms, NEW vomi..

AERQPLAN.

10 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HOWARD FARRELL, `a

i citizen of the Unitedl States, residing at Lestershire, in the county of Broome and.

State of New York, have invented a new and useful Aeroplane, of which the following is a specification.

vThis invention relates to aeroplanes and its principal object. is to provide a sustainown accord, reassume its ing plane mounted for ,rotation about -an axis extending longitudinally o f the machine Whereby, when the machine A1s subjected to suddengusts of wind or to other,

atmospheric disturbances, the sustaining plane is free to rotate about said axis and thus .permit the aviator and the mechanlsm under his control to remain properly balanced until the sustaining plane shall, of its proper angle .of inclination.

A further object is to provide means under the control of the aviator whereby the sustaining plane may be held against rotation about a longitudinal axis as hereinbefore stated, there being balancing planes carried by the sustaining plane and having l Vmechanism whereby they can be shifted relative to the sustaining plane so as to restore the lateral balance .thereof and of 3.0

the machine when said sustaining plane is held against vrotation relative to the main frame of the structure.

lVith the .foregoing and otherobjects in view .which willappear as the description proceeds, theinvention resides in the .combination and arrangement of parts and in lthe details of construction hereinafter debody and on which the sstalning, plane .is

mounted for rotation.v Fig. 4 is a detail View of the parts-the brake detached. Fig. 5 lis a perspective View partly in diagram Ishowing the 'means for. operating the balvancing planes. Fig. 6 is la vertical longitudinal section through the central bearing vof the sustaining plane. Fig. 7-1s aview tive thereto.

specification of'reaers Patent. f Patent@ Ap 2,1912, Application led Junel 16, 1911. Serial No. 633,487.

partly in diagram of the rudder control. Fig. .8 as a front elevation` of the machine.

Referring to the figures by characters `of reference `l designates an elongated skeleton frame tapered toward the backend thereof and constituting the body of the machine,

this frame being providedwith any suitable.

arrangement of b race wiresl or` lthe-like whereby'the 'same is renderedrigid and `capable of withstanding all ordinary strains to which it might be' subjected while the machine is in flight. 'Y

Parallel spars 2 are extended forwardly .from the frontend/of the body andrarry bearing rings 3l and 4 fixed relativefthereto..

A brake wheel ori 'ring is arranged-close to the ring 4', as indicated at 5 but islnot de-` signedl to rotate therewith. Instead this ring 5 is ixedly connected to the sustaining plane in the manner hereinafter -set forth.

The rings 3 and 4 may be braced by connecting strips 6 secured attheir ends tothe rings and a shifting ring .7 is 'slidably mounted on the spars 2 and the strips G at point-s between the ringsandl 4 and is annularly grooved, as indicated at 8. kSpokes are preferably extended inwardly from the ring 7 and between the spars 2 and 'strips (i, these spokes beingshown .at 9,- and arod 10 .extends rerawardly from the spokes and throughtherings 4 and 5 and thence into the front portion of the body 1 Vjwlfvlere it is connected to lan operating lei-'er'fi'l Lor the.

like. This lever 1s preferably"fulcrumed within the body,l and above or fclose to thc aviators Vseat 12 which is hung k'fronrthe front portion ofthe body and is fixed lrelav Rings 13 are mounted forl rotation vupon the bearing rings 3'and 4 and each of them has feet 14 extending-therefrom and's'e'cured upon the middle portions `of the front and rear spars 15 of the main sustaining plane 16. These spars are connected by ribs arranged under the `fabric ofthe plane, as ordinarily, andA parallelstrips 17 also connect the sparsadjacent their centers and have standards 18 extending downwardly therefrom, and connected at their lower ends by frame members 19, these "standards -being all carried by supporting wheels 20 mounted on a common axle connected to the standards 18. Any suitable arrangement of braces may be .provided for holding lthe standards rigidly with relationA to rhesustaining plane'fl and preferably-three supporting wheels and three sets of standards are provided. These wheels and standards serve to support the front end of the machine while traveling over the ground and `5 the rear end portion thereof is supported by a wheel 21 connected to the back portion of the body 1 by upwardly diverging standards 22, there being runners 23 preferably connected to the standards and extending laterally and rearwardly from the wheel so as to prevent the rear portion of the machine from tilting laterally while the machine is traveling over the ground. Hangers 24 extend downwardly from the sust-aining plane adjacent the ends thereof,

all of these hangers being disposed on a line extending from side to side of the plane at the center thereof. Each pair of hangers is engaged by trunnions 25 extending laterally from a balancing plane 26 interposed between the hangers.

\ A ring 27 is mounted for rotation upon the grooved ring 7 and has oppositelyextendmg arms 28 slidably engaging and guided by rails 29 which are fastened upon the plane 16 and extend parallel with the axis of the rings ,3, 7, 4 and 5. One of the arms 28 .has cords 30 extending in opposite directions therefrom` and thence over guide 30 pulleys 31 to the inner corner port-ions of one of the planes 26. The other arm 28 has cords 32 extending in opposite directions therefrom and thence over guide pulleys 33 to the inner corner portions of the other 35 plane 26, these cords 32 being crossed at any suitable point so that, when the two arms 28 are moved in one. direction, the planes 26 will be simultaneously tilted inopposite directions about the axis of their trunnions 25. Y

vA brake band 34 is securedat one end to the front portion of the body 1 and extends loosely around the brake wheel 5 which is secured to the rear ring 13 butpreferablyi5 lies close to the ring 4. The other end -of the brake band is connected to a lever 35, there being a cord 36 or the like-extended from this lever and over suitable guide pul'- leys 37 to an operating lever 38 which may 5 be so located as to be readily moved by the foot of the aviator occupying the car or seat 12.; It'will be obvious that by pressing forwardly on lever 38, the cord 36 ,can be caused to shift lever 35 and thus bind the 55 band 34 upon the brake wheel 5. Independent rotation of the brake wheel and band and, therefore of the sustaining plane 16 and the body 1, is therefore prevented as long as the parts are thus held in frictional engagement. Horizontal rudders 39 are arranged at the sides of the lrear portion of body 1 and an arm 40 extends `upwardly from the central pivot or shaftof these rudders, and vis 5 connected, by a rod 41 or the like, to a'lever 42 fulcrumed, as at 43 and lpreferably in the form of a shaft to which the rod 41 is swiveled.:r This shaft, while capable of swinging upon its fulcrugn 43, can also be rotated by means of a hand wheel 44 and a spool 45 or vthe like is secured to the s haft and has af cord 46 extending rearwardly therefrom to arms 47 extending in opposite directions from the axis of rotation of the lvertical rudder 48 which is mounted upon This hand the rear end of the body 1. wheel 44 whereby shaft 42 can be rotated as well as swung, is located at a point where it can be conveniently reached by the aviator.

The engine for driving the machine has been indicated at 49 and is mounted upon.

the `forwardly projecting ends of theI spars 2, thepropeller 50 being disposed in front of the engine. Any suitable controlling means, not shown, may be' provided whereby the operation of the englne may be controlled at will by the aviator.

Under ordinary conditions the brake band 34 is tightened upon the brake wheel 5, thus holding the 'sustaining plane 16 at a fixed angle relative to the body '1. When the propeller is set in-motion, the machinewill move forwardly, the upward flight being controlled by the horizontall rudders 39.

while the lateral steering of the machine can be effected by means of the vertical rudder 48.4 When the machine tilts to either side the aviator can elevate the lower side ofthe plane -16 by shifting lever 11 so as to cause the ring 7 to move in one direction along the spars 2 and the strips 6, thus correspondingly moving the ring 27 and arms 28. Cords 30v and 32 will therefore beshifted so as to raise the front edge of the plane 26 at the lower side of the machine and lower the frontedge ofthe other plane 26. These planes 26 will thus coperate to displace air in opposite directions andthus restore the lateral balance of the machine.

Movement of the parts in the opposite direct-ionv will restore the lateral balance of the machine if tilted to the other side.

Should the machine suddenly tilt laterall to a dangerous angle which would ordinarily cause, upsetting of the machine, the aviator can release the brake wheel 5 whereupon the sustaining plane is free to .rotate about the axis of the rings 3 and 4 without upsetting. thebodyl which' will gravitate to approximately its normalposition rel'- scribed, it being understood that the rotamanipulating the balancing, planes 26 1n the manner hereinbefore de' l l Asides of its axis kfor restoring t tion of plane 16 in no Wise interferes with the mechanism provided for shifting .the planes 26 relative -to the plane 16.

While the present improvements have been shown `and described as applied tofa monoplane, it is to be understood that they can be used equally as Well With other'types of aeroplanes. Also, any suitable means, otherA than those described and shown, may be employed for operating the rudders, and the brake band. I

The `Word plane as used in the claims` is used to designate-asustaining element of the ordinary or Wing type and Which has a substantially plane surface extending throughout the length and breadth thereof.

What is claimed is 1. An aeroplane including a sustaining plane mounted for complete rotation about an axis extending in the direction of flight, means carried by said plane atl'eopposite lateral balance of the plane, .and means for shifting said balancing means independently of the sustaining plane and irrespective of the angleof incidencey of said-plane. 2. An aeroplane including a body, a sustaining plane infront of the body vand mounted for complete rotation relative thereto and about an axis extending in the direction ofthe line of flight, means carriedby the sustaining plane at opposite sides of its axis for restoring the lateral balance of the plane, and means under the control of the aviator upon the body -for shifting said balancing4 means relative to the sustaining plane and irrespective ofthe rotation of said plane about its axis.

3. An -aeroplane including a body, a sus.- taining plane in front of the body and .mounted for complete rotation about an axis extending inthe direction of the line 4of flight, balancing planes carried by the sus-A taining plane at-opposit-e sides of its center,

and'means extending int?) `the body for tilt-r ing said balancing planes about an axis intersecting the line of flight and irrespective"k -of the sustaining plane and of .the movement of said plane about its axis.A

4. aeroplane mcludmg a taining plane-in front thereof and mounted for complete rotation relative thereto about` an axisextending 1in., the direction ofthe line of flight, balancing planes -.m ovably connected to the sustaining plane, meansex-Y body, a sustending ini-.0 the body for uiting said balancing planes relative to the sustaining f plane aboutan axis intersecting the line of' flight and` independently of the movement of said sustaining plane about its axis, and

means under the controlof the aviator for* holding said sustaining plane against rotation about its axis.

5. An aeroplane including a body, a sustaining plane, a bearing therefor at its center, said plane being mounted for complete rotation relative to the body and about an axis extending in the direction of flight,

balancing planes carried by said sustaining i plane, means under the control ofthe aviator forshifting said balancing planes relative to the sustaining plane and independ-v sustaining plane having all vportions arf ranged vto simultaneously displace air downwardly, means `upon the plane and engaging vsald bearing members for permitting complete rotation offthe plane relative -to the body, said plane being extended beyond opposite sides of the body, and a brake element embracing said means forv holding the plane against'k rotation relative to the body.

7.- Ani aeroplane including a body, bearing members supported in front of the body, `a sustaining plane, ringscarried by fsaid plane and mounted on the bearing members, an element mounted to slide and rotate between the bearing membersand relative to the body, parallel guides upon the sustaining plane, arms extending from said element and mounted upon the guides, balancing 'planes'supported adjacent the ends of the sustaining plane, and means operated by said armsl during their movement along the guides for tilting the balancing planes 1n opposite directions. y i

In testimony that I claim the foregolng vas my own, I have hereto aiiixed my slgnature in the presence oftvvo-vvitnesses. 

